Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a neurobiological disorder on the higher-functioning end of the autism spectrum. While it can affect individuals in different ways, people with AS tend to have normal to  superior intelligence and excellent rote memory, but may also have:

- Problems with social interaction and interpreting social cues
- Difficulty making conversation
- Obsessions about special interests
- Repetitive behaviors

The disorder is named for Hans Asperger, a pediatrician who lived and worked in Vienna. Asperger published a paper about AS towards the end of World War II. It was only translated from German into English in the 1980's and more recently included in U.S. medical literature, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual used in the United States.